The Stimulus Check – The Check Will Be in the Mail

Congress just passed the CARES Act in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In it, there are a lot of juicy tax benefits for you and your business. Here is one that seems to be creating a lot of confusion.

The Stimulus Check – The Check Will Be in the Mail

As you read this, the U.S. Treasury Department could be in the process of writing you a check, and it’s possible you could have that check in your hands within three weeks, according to the Treasury secretary.

The check you receive this year is going to be your minimum amount. You don’t have to repay it or pay taxes on it.

And next year, when you file your 2020 tax return—say, on April 15, 2021—you could receive more cash if the 2020 return shows a bigger credit than you receive this year.

Technically, the cash you’re about to receive is an advance payment of a new refundable tax credit for your 2020 Form 1040 tax return. (This is the return you will file in 2021.)

The advance tax credit (think cash) coming in the mail or electronically in the next three weeks or so is based on your 2018 or 2019 (if you filed it already) tax return. If your income qualifies for the full credit, you will receive

• $1,200, or $2,400 if you filed a joint return, plus
• $500 for each dependent age 16 or younger on December 31, 2020.

Your tax credit (the check in the mail) goes down by 5 percent of the amount by which your adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeds

• $150,000 on a joint return,
• $112,500 on a head of household return, or
• $75,000 for all other filing statuses.

The advance credit amount is based on

• 2019 AGI; or
• 2018 AGI, if you have not yet filed your 2019 return; or
• 2020 Social Security benefits statement, if you did not file a 2018 or 2019 tax return.

You’ll “true up” your advance tax credit on your 2020 Form 1040 (which you will file in 2021):

• If the tax credit amount (the cash you are about to receive) is less than the credit you qualify for based on 2020 AGI, then you’ll get the difference as a refundable tax credit in 2021 after you file your 2020 tax return.
• If the cash amount you receive this year is greater than the credit you qualify for based on 2020 AGI, you have a windfall. You don’t have to pay the excess cash back to the IRS.

Your current tax debts will not interfere with the cash amount you are about to receive. There are no offsets for outstanding tax debts.

But there is an offset for past-due child support that is reported to the IRS by a state. In this case, the IRS will take the child support money from the advance tax credit before remitting any money to the taxpayer.

Planning tip. If you didn’t file your 2019 tax return yet, calculate if your advance credit is higher with your 2018 AGI. If it is, wait to file your 2019 return until after you get the advance credit paid to you.

Example. You filed a 2018 Form 1040 with AGI of $70,000 and no dependents. Your 2019 Form 1040, which you did not file yet, has an AGI of $105,000 and no dependents.

If you file your 2019 return now, you will get no cash from the advance credit because your AGI would have phased out your entire credit.

But if you don’t file your 2019 return now, you receive $1,200.